SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA--(Marketwired - March 1, 2017) - After a nationwide examination of water contamination data reported to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the calendar years of 2015 and 2016, FluksAqua has just released a highly localized analysis of health-based drinking water violations focused on the county and city level.
Using the EPA's publicly-available Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) database, FluksAqua analyzed the data at a granular level to provide counties and cities with the technical information to educate their public and empower their water service providers. Available to view online as an interactive infographic, the data set focuses on potentially harmful health-based violations including coliforms, nitrates, arsenic, radionuclides and disinfection by-products.
Based on the U.S. ECHO database, FluksAqua created an infographic with the information for each state including the number of health-based violations, the population affected and the duration of the violation.
The analysis only looked at Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) violations which means that a system had an unacceptably high level of a specific contaminant. The full interactive infographic is available here.
"Water quality can be impacted by a number of factors - some beyond the control of the water system and not every violation has direct health implications," says Hubert Colas, president, FluksAqua Americas. "It is important to ensure this kind of data collection continues so it can be tracked and analyzed to continually improve the national water infrastructure. Many states have made impressive progress in effectively addressing their water quality concerns in 2016."
A drinking water violation indicates a public water system's failure to meet an EPA-mandated drinking water standard. Not all violations result in a health issue. A health-based violation indicates a failure in operation or treatment that can affect public health.
States with health-based violations by utilities servicing at least 10 per cent of the population in 2015 or 2016 were:
| State | Pop. Affected 2015 | Pop. Affected 2016 | Difference | |||
| Arkansas | 11.08% | 6.55% | - 40.88% | |||
| Iowa | 12.11% | 3.33% | - 72.5% | |||
| Kentucky | 26.37% | 17.73% | - 32.76% | |||
| Louisiana | 14.63% | 12.71% | - 13.12% | |||
| Maryland | 32.62% | 31.13% | - 4.57% | |||
| Ohio | 15.81% | 12.30% | - 22.20% | |||
| Oklahoma | 19.10% | 16.02% | - 16.13% | |||
| Texas | 16.52% | 5.88% | - 64.41% | |||
| West Virginia | 4.16% | 11.32% | + 172.12% |
All other States reported less than 10 per cent of the population were affected by health-based violations.
"Many people take their drinking water for granted when they turn on the tap because water professionals do an excellent job of maintaining the system," explains Colas. "There is a great deal of expertise involved in delivering safe, clean drinking water to a house and it needs to be appreciated. Water utilities across the country should be commended for reporting their violations and working to mitigate the most important issues."
FluksAqua focused its analysis on five health-based violations:
Coliforms: A type of bacteria found in feces. By themselves, they are not always harmful but they are associated with other disease-causing bacteria. The microbes can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches and other symptoms.
Nitrates: Nitrogen-oxygen compounds commonly found in fertilizers. When ingested or absorbed into the bloodstream, they can interfere with the blood's ability to carry oxygen especially in children.
Arsenic: Tasteless and odorless, it is a semi-metal element found naturally in the earth. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can lead to thickening and discoloration of the skin, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness in the hands and feet, partial paralysis and blindness.
Radionuclides: Unstable atoms which emit radiation energy. Long-term exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Disinfection by-products: Chemical compounds generated when a disinfectant reacts with naturally-occurring materials in water. There are four types: Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), Bromate and Chlorite. Long-term exposure is associated with cancer or nervous system problems.
The ECHO database contains drinking water data for public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Act. Water systems report their drinking water data to a primary agency, usually in the state it operates and focuses on health or the environment, who then report the information to the EPA. The EPA stores this data in its federal database that is accessible to the public.
About FluksAqua
FluksAqua - a free, practical and moderated Q&A forum designed for operators of drinking water distribution, water, and wastewater treatment plants - is the new online community created by a dedicated group of water and wastewater professionals to facilitate a constant and interactive flow of information between operators and professionals on issues of operations, maintenance and asset optimization. https://www.fluksaqua.com/en/qa/
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